CAR STEERING

Steering is the term applied to the collection of components, linkages, etc. which allow for a vessel or vehicle to follow the desired course. An exception is the case of rail transport by which rail tracks combined together with railroad switches provide the steering function

RACK & PINION STEERING:

Many modern cars use rack and pinion steering mechanisms, where the steering wheel turns the pinion gear; the pinion moves the rack, which is a sort of linear gear which meshes with the pinion, from side to side. This motion applies steering torque to the kingpins of the steered wheels via tie rods and a short lever arm called the steering arm.

Four-wheel steering :

Four-wheel steering (or all wheel steering) is a system employed by some vehicles to increase vehicle stability while maneuvering at high speed, or to decrease turning radius at low speed.
In most four-wheel steering systems, the rear wheels are steered by a computer and actuators. The rear wheels generally cannot turn as far as the front wheels. Alternatively, several systems, including Delphi's Quadrasteer and the system in Honda's Prelude line, allow for the rear wheels to be steered in the opposite direction as the front wheels during low speeds. This allows the vehicle to turn in a significantly smaller radius — sometimes critical for large trucks or vehicles with trailers.

PETROL ENGINE

An engine is something that produces an effect from a given input. The origin of engineering was the working of engines. There is an overlap in English between two meanings of the word "engineer": "those who operate engines" and "those who design and construct new items."

A Petrol engine is an internal combustion engine with spark-ignition designed to run on petrol and similar volatile fuels. It differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air. In a diesel engine, merely the air is compressed, and the fuel is injected at the end of the compression stroke. In a petrol engine, the fuel and air are pre-mixed before compression. The pre-mixing was formerly done in a carburettor but now (except in the smallest engines) it is done by electronically-controlled fuel injection. Pre-mixing of fuel and air allows a petrol engine to run at a much higher speed than a diesel.

Applications :
Motor cars
Motorcycles
Aircraft
Motorboats
Small machines

Yet again the BMW group amazes us with a new superb model, only now, in partnership with AC Schnitzer. The new AC Schnitzer S3 Cabrio, an “upgrade” to BMW 3 Series Cabrio is a 5 stars Convertible. The new bodykit was realized by the AC Schnitzer designers. They said that the design should have a more natural form. And if we take a look at the AC Schnitzer S3 Cabrio, we can say that their mission succeeded. The rear view of the Convertible is the classic 3-Series, but the side and the front skirts reflect the special AC Schnitzer design. The bodykit creates an aerodynamic car illusion and enhances the sporting design. The interior of the car is equipped with many high quality accessories. Some of these accessories that deserves to be mentioned are the AC Schnitzer Speedometer, where the maximum value that is shown is 300 km/h, the carbon steering wheel trim in silver Exclusive and the aluminum pedals. All these combined create an exquisite athmosphere. The car is equipped with AC Schnitzer racing rims. The rear rims are 10″ and the front ones are 9″, the suspension system is based also on racing technology, therefore almost transforming this model into a racing car. AC Schnitzer S3 Cabrio has a diesel engine that provides 265 HP. Originally it was a standard 231 HP diesel engine , but AC Schnitzer developed a power pack so now the engine provides 265 HP. Another engine for this Cabrio is in developing, that will provide 306 HP. For that one we will have to wait , won’t we ?

The extensive aerodynamic kit with diffuser, the sporty end mufflers for an even stronger sound, agile road-handling through sport suspension and the split-rim light-alloy wheels “Edition Race” in 20 and 21 inch, are only a few of the features that make the new HAMANN Ferrari 612 Scaglietti the perfect car for the gentelman driver that has also high sporting ambitions.The engineers form Hamann have made a few modifications and at the top of the list there has been a modification of the body, although the Gran Turismo is already a noble vehicle when considering the standard equipment.The sound details and the handling has been kept on the list of modifications also.All modifications in form and function have been made to insure perfect symbiosis and harmony. The front spoiler is coming from Laupheim and it provides optimal downforce on the front axle. The pair of side sill for the flank gives the appearance of lower suspension.Very good downforce is ensured by the rear spoiler and it also gives the sportier look without any disturbance in the basic design. Also downforce is improved by the new rear end component with integrated diffuser.As usual, Hamann gives the possibility to the customer to choose if the aerodynamic components will be made from fibreglass or carbon –Kevlar.The already known “Edition Race”-Hamann self designed will be available when talking about wheels. Nine main spokes which each branch out to form two more characterise this system –a three part, ultra light forged rim with cross spoke design. Here are the tire combinations offered by Hamann: front 9.0 J x 20″ / rear 12.5 J x 20″ - 245/35 ZR 20 / 335/30 ZR20 and front 9.0 J x 21″ / rear 12.0 J x 21″ - 245/30 ZR 21 / 345/25 ZR21.The center of gravity is lowered with the help of a chassis spring assembly, which is very important when it comes to better handling.Sound is also improved as we have said before: customers can order the sport mufflers made from V2A stainless steel, with double exhaust pipes - Ø 90mm-which makes the 540 HP symphony sound twice better and stronger as before.When ordering, customers have the possibility to modify the 612 Scaglietti to their own individual taste: they can choose from the many different colours of leather fittings or different multimedia configurations (DVD player, TV or PlayStation.)

The Ferrari 360 Modena F1 is truly a fun vehicle for people to drive around with no worries. It is not a vehicle that will be much used for tranportation. Of course when one pays $155,000 for a sports car they treat it well…like a sports car.
Still, the 2002 Ferrari 360 Modena F1 is as close to a real car, a traditional car, a usable car, as the storied Italian car maker has ever produced. For the first time, Ferrari has addressed such things as interior space, basic ergonomics and overall comfort, not to mention our test car’s automatic transmission, which makes this the first of the brand’s mid-engined supercars that can truly be driven everyday.